Noël  -  Noël > Newell  -  Noel  -  Noell  -  Noll  -  Noe
Results   of   the   Y  -  DNA   Project
DNA Chart

The above ancestors are surnamed Noel, Noell or  Noël except where the surname is given.

The 12 Marker Chart  above was Created with Phylogenetic Network Analysis by    fluxus-engineering

The length of the connecting lines are proportional to the genetic distance.   See the Haplomaps of Europe
The chart shows that the clan of Joseph C Noel of undetermined haplogroup and the R1b1a2 clan of the unknown
 Noel  are genetically  the most distant while those of Solomon Noe and Augustin Noel-Newell are the closest.



For genealogical proposes there are several areas where the DNA is of importance however this Project is concerned only with the Y sex chromosome which is just one of 46.

The organelles within the cell are called mitochondria (mt-DNA) which is inherited from the mother. The mt-DNA haplotypes are determined the same way as the Y-DNA haplotypes (see below).

The cell nucleus contains a pair of molecules that are held tightly together containing the genetic instructions formed by the four amino acid bases lettered  A, T, C or G (Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine) called Deoxyribonucleic acid (di oksi raibe nju klei ik acid - DNA). These are the 46 chromosomes of the genome.

A chromosome is an organized structure of the nuclear DNA. In the human there are the autosomal chromosomes 1 – 22 and the  sex chromosomes X and Y.  For the male the Y chromosome is inherited from the father while the female receives her fathers X chromosome. Both receive an X chromosome from their mother. The males have the XY combination while the females have the XX combination.

A Y-DNA haplogroup is defined as all of the male descendants of the single person who first showed a particular single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, pronounced snip) mutation. This is a DNA sequence variation occurring when a single nucleotide — A, T, C or G — in the genome differs between members of a biological species or paired chromosomes in an individual.

 Example: All R1b's have a forefather in common. All I's. have a forefather in common but different from that of the R1b group. The different Haplogroups are determined by UEP's ( unique event polymorphisms ) the event that made that one single ancestor mentioned above.

The DYS Markers ( D = DNA, Y = Y-chromosome, S = segment  ) define the Haplotypes that are within a Haplogroup.

DYS followed by a number identifies a short segment of Y-chromosome DNA, also called a Short Tandem Repeat (STR) or a Marker.  These are the numbers that show a close relationship or none at all.



The Different Lines                               Updated:                          12 March 2011
 Haplogroup
      Ancestor       
      Location            DOB 
Descendants
R1b1a2
 Pierre Noe
 France
 1610
 1
R1b1a2
 Cornelius Noel Holland 1623
6
R1b1a2 Joseph Noel France  1680
8
R1b1a2 Jean Noël Belgium   1687
1
 R1b1a2
 Abraham Noe
 New Jersey, USA    1755
 1
 I1 Benjamin Noel         Cumberland, VA    1761  5
I2b1
 Joseph Noel
 Germany     1765
 2
G
 John Noe
 France      
  1795
 1
E1b1b1  Noll Pennsylvania or Germany  < 1796 2
R1b1a2 Clement Noel Newfoundland    1804
1
R1b1a2 James Noel
 Kentucky
     1806
 1
R1b1a2 Solomon Noe
 Tennessee
     1806
 1
R1b1a2 AugustinNoël-Newell Canada
     1830
 1
J2
 François  Noël Liege, Belgium     1836
1
R1b1a2 James Alexander Noel Pennsylvania     1849  
1
R1b1a2 Napoleon Noël
 France     1850
1
J2? Joseph C Noel Pennsylvania     1856
1
R1b1a2
 Charles E Newell
 Maine
    <1890
 1
R1b1a2
 Unknown Noel

1

The DYS numbers for the yDNA are grouped below by clan
Also the numbers can be found at Family Tree.    For the yDNA  &  also the mtDNA

Unmatched Lines
Kit DYS#   >

Ancestor  
3
9
3		 3
9
0		 1
9		 3
9
1		 3
8
5
a		 3
8
5
b		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 3
8
9
|
1		 3
9
2		 3
8
9
|
2		 4
5
8		 4
5
9
a		 4
5
9
b		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 4
6
4
a		 4
6
4
b		 4
6
4
c		 4
6
4
d


4
6
0
 G
A
T
A
H
4
Y
C
A
II
a
Y
C
A
II
b


4
5
6


4
4
2


4
3
8


6
0
7


5
7
6


5
7
0

C
D
Y
a

C
D
Y
b
 20167
 François  Noël 12
 23
 14
 10
  13
 17
 11
 15
 10
 13
 11
 30
























11703 Joseph C Noel 12 23 15 10 13 17 11 15 10 13 11 29 14  8 9 11 11 25 14 20 31 12 13 16 16











12208 Clement Noel 13 22 14 11 11 15 12 12 12 14 13 30                          











11498 Jean Noël 13 24 14 11 12 14 12 12 12 13 13 29                          











 47105
 AugustinNoël-Newell
 13
 24
 14
 11
  11
 14
 12
 12
 12
 13
 13
 29
 17
  9
 10
 11
 11
 25
 15
 19
 30
 15
 15
 17
 17
 11
 11
 19
 23
 15
 12
 13
 16
 18
 20
 37
 38
 50873
 Charles E Newell
 13
 24
 14
 11
 11
 15
 12
 12
 13
 13
 13
 29
 17
  9
  9
 11
 11
 25
 15
 19
 28
 16
 16
 18
 18
 11
 11
 19
 23
 16
 13
 13
 15
 17
 16
 38
 38
77353
 James Alexander Noel
12
 24
 14
 11
  11
 14
 12
 12
 12
 13
 13
 29
 17
  9
 10
 12
 11
 24
 15
 20
 31
 15
 15
 16
 17
 11
 11
 19
 23
 16
 12
 12
 15
 20
 17
 34
 36
47227
 Solomon Noe
 13
 24
 14
 11
  11
 14
 12
 12
 12
 13
 13
 29
 17
  9
 10
 11
 11
 24
 15
 20
 29
 15
 16
 16
 17











N2382
 Pierre Noe
 13 24 15 11  11 14 12 12 13 13 13 28 16  9 10 11 11 24 15 19 29 14 15 16 18 11
 13
 20
 23
 15
 12
 12
 16
 17
 17
 37
 38
83310
 Abraham Noe
 13 24 15 11  11 14 12 12 13 13 13 28 16  9  9 11 11 24 15 19 29 14 14 15 15











173694
 John Noe
 14
 23
 16
 10
 14
 16
 11
 12
 11
 12
 12
 29
 16
 9
 9
 11
 11
 23
 15
 21
 30
 12
 13
 13
 14
 10
 11
 20
 20
 15
 11
 10
 13
 18
 19
 33
 37
11521 Napoleon Noël 13 25 14 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 13 29                          











37373
 James Noel
 13
 25
 14
 11
  11
 14
 12
 12
 13
 12
 13
 27
 16
  9
 10
 11
 11
 26
 15
 19
 29
 14
 14
 16
 16
 11
 11
 19
 23
 18
 10
 13
 15
 17
 18
 37
 39
110625
 Unknown Noel
 13
 24
 14
 11
 11
 11
 12
 12
 11
 14
 13
 31

























The Pennsylvania Noll Line
Kit DYS#   >

Ancestor  
3
9
3		 3
9
0		 1
9		 3
9
1		 3
8
5
a		 3
8
5
b		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 3
8
9
|
1		 3
9
2		 3
8
9
|
2		 4
5
8		 4
5
9
a		 4
5
9
b		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 4
6
4
a		 4
6
4
b		 4
6
4
c		 4
6
4
d


4
6
0
G
A
T
A
H
4
Y
C
A
II
a
Y
C
A
II
b


4
5
6


6
0
7


5
7
6


5
7
0

C
D
Y
a

C
D
Y
b


4
4
2


4
3
8
13160
  George Noll
 13
 24
 13
 10
 15
 19
 11
 12
 11
 13
 11
 30
 16   9   9  10  11  26  14  20  32  15  16  16 17
10
 11
 19
 21
 17
 12
 16
 18
 30
 35
 11
 10
32899  Henry Noll
 13 24 13 10 15 19 11 12 11 13 11 30 16  9  9  10  11  26  14  20  32  15  16  16 17 












The Cornelius Noel line of Virginia
Kit    DYS#   >


    Ancestor    
3
9
3		 3
9
0		 1
9		 3
9
1		 3
8
5
a		 3
8
5
b		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 3
8
9
|
1		 3
9
2		 3
8
9
|
2		 4
5
8		 4
5
9
a		 4
5
9
b		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 4
6
4
a		 4
6
4
b		 4
6
4
c		 4
6
4
d


4
6
0
G
A
T
A
H
4
 
Y
C
A
II
a
Y
C
A
II
b



4
5
6


4
4
2


4
3
8


4
4
4


4
4
6


4
6
1


4
6
2

YG
AT
AA
10


6
3
5
GG
AA
T1
B
07


4
4
1


4
4
5


4
5
2


4
6
3


6
0
7


5
7
6



5
7
0


C
D
Y
a


C
D
Y
b


4
4
1


4
6
3

Y
GATA
C4
12531  Cornelius
13 25 14 12 11 14 12 12 13 12 13 27 16  9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 14 14 17 17 12
 11
 19
 23
 18
 10
 13
 12
 13
 13
 11
 13
 23
 10
 13
 12
 29
 24
 15
 18
 18
 37
 38
 13
 24
 23
17796 Cornelius  13 25 14 12 11 14 12 12 13 12 13 27






































N5217
 JamesEdward
 13
 25
 14
 12
 11
 14
 12
 12
 13
 12
 13
 27
 16
  9
 10
 11
 11
 25
 15
 19
 29
 14
 14
 17
 17

























*SMGF-1
 Cornelius
 13
 25
 14
 11
 11
 14
 12
 12
 13
 12
 13
 27
 16
 9
 10
 11
 11
 25
 15
 19
 29
 14
 14
 17
 17
 12
 11
 19
 23
 18
 10
 13
 12
 13
 13
 11
  13
 23
 10
 13
 12
 29
 24




13
 24
   23
*SMGF-2 Cornelius
 13
 25
 14
 12
 11
 14
 12
 12
 13
 12
 13
 27
 16
 9
 10
 11
 11
 25
 15
 19
 28
 14
 14
 17
 17
 12
 11
 19
 23
 17
 10
 13
 12
 13
 13
 11
  13
 23
 10
 13
 12
 29
 24




13
 24
   23
  134262
     Cornelius 13
 25
 14
 12
 11
 14
 12
 12
 13
 12
 13
 27
 17
 9
 10
 11
 11
 25
 15
 19
 29
 14
 14
 17
 17
 12
 11
 19
 23
 18
 10
 13
 12
 13
 13
 11
 13
 23
 10
 13
 12
 29
 24
 15
 18
 18
 37
 38
 13
 24
 23
* SMGF - From the Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation Data Base
 
12531 is documented back to Cornelius, the son of James, the son of Cornelius.
17796 is documented back to Eli, the son of  James, the son of Cornelius.           
SMGF-1 is documented back to James, the son James, the son of Cornelius.        
SMGF-2 is documented back to Eli, the son of James, the son of Cornelius.           
134262 is documented back to Cornelius Noell son of James son of Cornelius the emigrant.



The Benjamin Noel  line of Cumberland, VA
Kit    DYS#   >


    Ancestor    
3
9
3		 3
9
0		 1
9		 3
9
1		 3
8
5
a		 3
8
5
b		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 3
8
9
|
1		 3
9
2		 3
8
9
|
2		 4
5
8		 4
5
9
a		 4
5
9
b		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 4
6
4
a		 4
6
4
b		 4
6
4
c		 4
6
4
d


4
6
0
G
A
T
A
H
4
 
Y
C
A
II
a
Y
C
A
II
b



4
5
6


4
4
2


4
3
8


4
4
4


4
4
6


4
6
1


4
6
2

YG
AT
AA
10


6
3
5
GG
AA
T1
B
07


4
4
1


4
4
5


4
5
2


4
6
3


6
0
7


5
7
6



5
7
0


C
D
Y
a


C
D
Y
b


4
4
1


4
6
3

Y
GATA
C4
11536 Benjamin 12
 23
 13
 10
 14
 14
 11
 13
 11
 12
 11
 28






































22598 Benjamin  12
 23
 13
 10
 14
 14
 11
 14
 11
 12
 11
 28






































22599 Benjamin 12
 23
 13
 10
 14
 14
 11
 14
 11
 12
 11
 28






































97762
 Benjamin 12
 23
 13
 10
 14
 14
 11
 14
 11
 12
 11
 28






































N22112 Hesekiah 12
 23
 13
 10
 14
 14
 11
 14
 11
 12
 11
 28







































The first four above are documented to Benjamin Noel born about 1761. Benjamin's place of birth is unknown while N22112 is documented to Hesekiah Noel who was born
about 1815 in Kentucky. 

Members of this line and the Cornelius Noel line of Virgina have been able to separate Benjamin Noel from the Cornelius Noel line by recognizing a "mis-translation" of the will
of Thomas Noel that occurred in 1929 in a book titled "Kentucky Pioneer and Court Records" which listed a brief interpreted list of the children of Thomas Noel that included
in error Benjamin Noel. Jennie Noel Weeks in her compilation that outlined the genealogy of this line titled "The Emigrant Cornelius Noel and His Descendants in America"
has it incorrect as well.  The will of Thomas Noel's wife's (Drusilla Noel Sleet) clearly lists her children, one of which was Littleberry Noel.  The transcriber of the will in error
listed Littleberry as Lette Benj so it's easy to see how it was misinterpreted.

The Will of Benjamin Noel  -  7 April 1822    -   Joseph L Noell



                                         The Joseph Noel Line of Pennsylvania                                        
Kit DYS#  >

Ancestor  
3
9
3		 3
9
0		 1
9		 3
9
1		 3
8
5
a		 3
8
5
b		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 3
8
9
|
1		 3
9
2		 3
8
9
|
2		 4
5
8		 4
5
9
a		 4
5
9
b		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 4
6
4
a		 4
6
4
b		 4
6
4
c		 4
6
4
d

4
6
0
 G
A
T
H
4
 Y
C
A
II
a
 Y
C
A
II
b

4
5
6

4
4
2

4
3
8

4
4
4

4
4
6

4
6
1

4
6
2
YG
AT
AA
10

6
3
5
 GG
AA
T1
B
07

4
4
1

4
4
5

4
5
2

4
6
3

6
0
7

5
7
6

5
7
0
C
D
Y
a
C
D
Y
b
Y
GATA
C4
Hypothetical Joseph
 13 24 14 10 11 14 12 12 12 12 13 28 17  9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 14 15 17 17 11
 11
 19
 23
 15
 12
 12
 12
 14
 11
 11
 13
 25
  8
 13
 12
 30
 24
 13
 19
 18
 36
 37
   25
11963  Joseph-1 
13 24 14 10 11 14 12 12 12 12 13 28 17  9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 14 15 17 17 11
 11
 19
 23
 15
 12
 12










13
 19
 18
 35
 36
191478
  Joseph-1
 13
 24
 14
 10
 11
 14
 12
 12
 12
 12
 13
 28
 17
 9
 10
 11
 11
 25
 15
 19
 29
 14
 15
 17
 17























13213  Abraham 
13 24 14 10 11 14 12 12 12 12 13 28 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 14 15 17 17 11
 11
 19
 23
 15
 12
 12










13
 19
 18
 36
 37
  16246
  Emmanuel
 13
 24
 14
 10
 11
 14
 12
 12
 12
 12
 13
 28
 17
  9
 10
 11
 11
 25
 15
 19
 29
 14
 15
 17
 17
 11
 10
 19
 23
 15
 12
 12










13
 19
 18
 36
 37
  45707
  Joseph S
 13
 24
 14
 10
 11
 14
 12
 12
 12
 12
 13
 28
 17
  9
 10
 11
 11
 25
 15
 19
 29
 14
 15
 17
 17
 11
 10
 19
 23
 15
 12
 12










13
 19
 18
 36
 37
  11453  Joseph- 2
 13 24 14 10 11 14 12 12 12 12 13 28 17  9 10 11 11 25 15 19 28 14 15 17 17 11
 11
 19
 23
 15
 12
 12
 12
 14
 11
 11
 13
 25
  8
 13
 12
 30
 24
 13
 19
 18
 36
 37
   25
  20142
 Marcellus
13
 24
 14
 10
 11
 14
 12
 12
 13
 12
 13
 28
 17
  9
 10
 11
 11
 25
 15
 19
 29
 14
 15
 17
 17
 11
 11
 19
 23
 15
 12
 12
14








13
 19
 18
 36
 37
  SMGF
  Peter *
 13
 24
 14
 10
 11
 15
 12
 12
 12
 12
 13
 28
 17
  9
 10
 11
 11
 25
 15
 19
 29



11
 11
 19
 23
 15
 12
 12
 12
11
 11
 13
 25
  8
 13
 12
 30





  25
The two with documentation in this group are:
  Joseph-1 - John Noel b. 1777 went to Ohio in 1822 or 1823 and was the son of Andrew Noel b. 1754, the son of John Noel b. 1722
                   in Europe, the son of Joseph Noel b. 1680
  Marcellus - He was the son of  Michael Noel, the son of Blasius Noel of Taneytown, MD,  the son of Peter Noel b. 1720
                   in Europe, the son of Joseph Noel b. 1680.

  * These are the numbers for Anthony J. NOEL, who was born about 1832 in CambriaCo., PA, and are from
 the  Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation data base and provides a 38/39 match to the haplotype of the
 Hypothetical  Joseph from Europe.  Anthony  is documented as the son of Simon Noel, and the grandson of
  Peter Noel who lived inWestmoreland County, PA before going to Cambria County, PA.

                                         The Prussian Noels of Cambria County, PA                                         
Kit DYS#  >

Ancestor  
3
9
3		 3
9
0		 1
9		 3
9
1		 3
8
5
a		 3
8
5
b		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 3
8
9
|
1		 3
9
2		 3
8
9
|
2		 4
5
8		 4
5
9
a		 4
5
9
b		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 4
6
4
a		 4
6
4
b		 4
6
4
c		 4
6
4
d

4
6
0
 G
A
T
H
4
 Y
C
A
II
a
 Y
C
A
II
b

4
5
6

4
4
2

4
3
8

4
4
4

4
4
6

4
6
1

4
6
2
YG
AT
AA
10

6
3
5
 GG
AA
T1
B
07

4
4
1

4
4
5

4
5
2

4
6
3

6
0
7

5
7
6

5
7
0
C
D
Y
a
C
D
Y
b
Y
GATA
C4
103985  Joseph 
13 23 14 10 15 16 11 12 12 14 12 31 16  8 10 10 11 25 14 20 29 11 14 15 15























167414  Joseph 
13 23 14 10 15 16
 11 12 12 14 12 31 16 8 10 10 11 25 14 20 29 11 14 15 15 11
 10
 20
 21
 11
 12
 10










16
 20
 17
 30
 37
 


The DYS numbers in Purple mutate faster than the others.  The fastest "moving" or mutating  DYS Markers are:

DYS 385a, b
DYS 439
DYS 458
DYS 449
DYS 464a, b, c, d
DYS 456
DYS 576
DYS 570
CDYa, b.

Y-STR mutation rates :   locus-specific mutation rates

DYS#    19    -   0.00143      DYS#  389I   -   0.00204    DYS# 389II -   0.00323      DYS#   390     -   0.00403
DYS#  391    -   0.00410      DYS#  392    -   0.0034      DYS#  393   -   0.0034        DYS#  385 a\b -   0.00292    

DYS# 19 is also known as 394.

DYS# 389-i is a sub group of of DYS# 389-ii so a mutation in both is considered as just one mutation.

The DYS#'s marked a, b, c, d ect. are duplicates of each other but mutate independently and therefore are unique. DYS# 464 is a complex of 4 identical markers, such that the only way to assign labels to them is to sort by size. "a" will have the smallest number while "d" will have the largest number. Example: 14 15 17 17.  Also in about 1% of the test subjects, more than 4 copies will be present, representing Markers 464e, 464f, 464g, etc.

The 95% chance of a common male ancestor with a match of:
          12/12 = 1,540 years
          11/12 = 2,440 years
          10/12 = 3,320 years
The Haplogroup using the  YCC nomenclature                       Understanding Haplogroups

Haplogroup: The definition of a Y haplogroup is that all its members of the group are the direct paternal descendants of one single man. Example: All R1b's have a forefather in common. All I's. have a forefather in common but different from that of the R1b group. The different Haplogroups are determined by UEP's  ( unique event polymorphism's ) the event that made that one single ancestor mentioned above. The DYS Markers ( D = DNA, Y = Y-chromosome, S = segment  ) define the Haplotypes that are within the Haplogroup.

The Haplogroups given are the suggested matches with a 92% degree of certainty and are not confirmed. This requires further testing and may not be of interest at this time.  The confirmation requires a Y-DNA SNP test for the clade suggested and will only state yes or no, but with Family Tree DNA the test is repeated until a UEP is found, if possible.

Y-DNA Tree


Re-drawn from "The Journey of Man: A Genetic Odyssey" by Spencer Wells
The Haplogroups represented in this study:

E3b  -         "Adam"  M42 > M168 > YAP > M96 > M2
K2   -           "Adam"  M42 > M168 > M89 > M9  >  M70
R1b1a2 -  "Adam"  M42 >  M168 > M89 > M9 > M207 > M173 > M343 > M343 > P25 > P297 > M269
I1a  -           "Adam"   M42 > M168 > M89 > M170 > M253
J1   -            "Adam"    M42 > M168 > M89 > M304 > M267
J2   -            "Adam"    M42 > M168 > M89 > M304 > M172

E3b  -  This haplogroup is believed to have evolved in the Middle East. It expanded into the Mediterranean during the Pleistocene Neolithic expansion. It is currently distributed around the Mediterranean, southern Europe, and in north and east Africa. The Y-base haplogroup entries are 4% E3b

I  -  I, I1, and I1a  -  Haplogroup "I" is thought to stem from a group (Gravettian culture) that arrived in Europe from the Middle East about 25,000 to 20,000 years ago. These lineage's are nearly completely restricted to northwestern Europe and  would most likely have been common within Viking populations. However it also occurs frequently in other populations across Europe. The values of Marker 390 suggest a 22 for Anglo Saxon Territory and a 23 for Norse Viking territory, however this has not been confirmed. The Y-base haplogroup entries are 17%  I

J2  -  J2 and all of J* is a general middle eastern signature. Clearly it doesn't mean that your male ancestors definitely arrived in Palestine with Moses, nor even that they were part of the Hebrew or Islamic worlds. In Weale's data on Anglo-Saxons in England, about 1% are J2 , where the tests were on English-grandfathered and surnamed country folks. In northwest Europe it most likely reflects ancestors moving within the Roman Empire, which pulled out of Britain 1,600 years ago or Neolithic farmers. It could also have been merchants at any time.     By Patrick Guinness  The Y-base haplogroup entries are 1% J2

R1b  -  The most common haplogroup in European populations is R1b. These people are thought to be the descendants of the Paleolithic hunter-gatherers who arrived in Europe before the last Ice Age about 40,000 to 35,000 years ago spreading the Aurignacian culture. They were believed to have been driven south by the descending Ice Age, to southwestern France and northwestern Spain where they evolve into the R1b lineage. Then they are believed to have expanded throughout western Europe after the last glacial maximum 12,000 to 10,000 years ago and are found in mostly Spain, Portugal, France, Belgium, Denmark, England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland. The Y-base haplogroup entries are 68% R1b

The K2 haplotype as given by Spencer Wells is such:

K - "Adam" >  M168 > M89 > M9

The M9 mutation first appeared around 40,000 years ago in Iran or south-central Asia. They migrated around their local world until they were blocked by the Hindu Kush, the Tian Shan, and the Himalayas. This area is known as the Pamir Knot located in Tajkistan. Here they split into different groups and today represent nearly all North Americans and East Asians including most of the Europeans and and many from India.

K2 - "Adam" >  M168 > M89 > M9 > M70

Those who stayed in the Pamir Knot developed the M70 mutation about 30,000 years ago. This group dispersed across the Mediterranean along the coast of North Africa and Europe. They may have been the Phoenician traders from modern Lebanon.  The highest frequency today is in the Middle east (15%) and in northeastern Africa. They are also found in southern Spain and France.